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MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38 - lamellar magnet

lamellar magnet

Catalog no 020154

GTIN/EAN: 5906301811602

5.00

length

40 mm [±0,1 mm]

Width

15 mm [±0,1 mm]

Height

5 mm [±0,1 mm]

Weight

22.5 g

Magnetization Direction

↑ axial

Load capacity

11.35 kg / 111.37 N

Magnetic Induction

249.11 mT / 2491 Gs

Coating

[NiCuNi] Nickel

technical details »

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Technical - MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38 - lamellar magnet

Specification / characteristics - MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38 - lamellar magnet

properties
properties values
Cat. no. 020154
GTIN/EAN 5906301811602
Production/Distribution Dhit sp. z o.o.
ul. Zielona 14 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki PL
Country of origin Poland / China / Germany
Customs code 85059029
length 40 mm [±0,1 mm]
Width 15 mm [±0,1 mm]
Height 5 mm [±0,1 mm]
Weight 22.5 g
Magnetization Direction ↑ axial
Load capacity ~ ? 11.35 kg / 111.37 N
Magnetic Induction ~ ? 249.11 mT / 2491 Gs
Coating [NiCuNi] Nickel
Manufacturing Tolerance ±0.1 mm

Magnetic properties of material N38

Specification / characteristics MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38 - lamellar magnet
properties values units
remenance Br [min. - max.] ? 12.2-12.6 kGs
remenance Br [min. - max.] ? 1220-1260 mT
coercivity bHc ? 10.8-11.5 kOe
coercivity bHc ? 860-915 kA/m
actual internal force iHc ≥ 12 kOe
actual internal force iHc ≥ 955 kA/m
energy density [min. - max.] ? 36-38 BH max MGOe
energy density [min. - max.] ? 287-303 BH max KJ/m
max. temperature ? ≤ 80 °C

Physical properties of sintered neodymium magnets Nd2Fe14B at 20°C

Physical properties of sintered neodymium magnets Nd2Fe14B at 20°C
properties values units
Vickers hardness ≥550 Hv
Density ≥7.4 g/cm3
Curie Temperature TC 312 - 380 °C
Curie Temperature TF 593 - 716 °F
Specific resistance 150 μΩ⋅cm
Bending strength 250 MPa
Compressive strength 1000~1100 MPa
Thermal expansion parallel (∥) to orientation (M) (3-4) x 10-6 °C-1
Thermal expansion perpendicular (⊥) to orientation (M) -(1-3) x 10-6 °C-1
Young's modulus 1.7 x 104 kg/mm²

Engineering simulation of the assembly - data

These information are the direct effect of a engineering simulation. Values rely on algorithms for the class Nd2Fe14B. Operational conditions might slightly deviate from the simulation results. Use these data as a reference point during assembly planning.

Table 1: Static pull force (pull vs distance) - power drop
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Distance (mm) Induction (Gauss) / mT Pull Force (kg/lbs/g/N) Risk Status
0 mm 2490 Gs
249.0 mT
 11.35 kg / 25.02 pounds
11350.0 g / 111.3 N
 crushing
1 mm 2306 Gs
230.6 mT
 9.73 kg / 21.45 pounds
9731.3 g / 95.5 N
 strong
2 mm 2095 Gs
209.5 mT
 8.03 kg / 17.70 pounds
8028.8 g / 78.8 N
 strong
3 mm 1877 Gs
187.7 mT
 6.45 kg / 14.21 pounds
6445.4 g / 63.2 N
 strong
5 mm 1472 Gs
147.2 mT
 3.97 kg / 8.74 pounds
3965.1 g / 38.9 N
 strong
10 mm 792 Gs
79.2 mT
 1.15 kg / 2.53 pounds
1147.1 g / 11.3 N
 safe
15 mm 454 Gs
45.4 mT
 0.38 kg / 0.83 pounds
376.9 g / 3.7 N
 safe
20 mm 278 Gs
27.8 mT
 0.14 kg / 0.31 pounds
141.4 g / 1.4 N
 safe
30 mm 122 Gs
12.2 mT
 0.03 kg / 0.06 pounds
27.0 g / 0.3 N
 safe
50 mm 35 Gs
3.5 mT
 0.00 kg / 0.01 pounds
2.3 g / 0.0 N
 safe
Pulling power drops drastically per each millimeter of spacing. Keep in mind that even a microscopic distance (e.g., contamination, varnish, dust) noticeably reduces the pull force. Magnets operate strongest at the point of direct contact; air break nullifies the power. See how rapidly the parameters plummet, when the product does not touch tightly to the steel surface. When calculating the arrangement, avoid redundant distances.

Table 2: Shear hold (vertical surface)
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Distance (mm) Friction coefficient Pull Force (kg/lbs/g/N)
0 mm Stal (~0.2) 2.27 kg / 5.00 pounds
2270.0 g / 22.3 N
1 mm Stal (~0.2) 1.95 kg / 4.29 pounds
1946.0 g / 19.1 N
2 mm Stal (~0.2) 1.61 kg / 3.54 pounds
1606.0 g / 15.8 N
3 mm Stal (~0.2) 1.29 kg / 2.84 pounds
1290.0 g / 12.7 N
5 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.79 kg / 1.75 pounds
794.0 g / 7.8 N
10 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.23 kg / 0.51 pounds
230.0 g / 2.3 N
15 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.08 kg / 0.17 pounds
76.0 g / 0.7 N
20 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.03 kg / 0.06 pounds
28.0 g / 0.3 N
30 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.01 kg / 0.01 pounds
6.0 g / 0.1 N
50 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 pounds
0.0 g / 0.0 N
The following data defines the approximate force required to initiate the downward movement of the magnet downwards on a upright metal surface (assuming standard friction coefficient). This parameter varies with the gap size between the magnet and the surface.

Table 3: Vertical assembly (shearing) - vertical pull
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Surface type Friction coefficient / % Mocy Max load (kg/lbs/g/N)
Raw steel
µ = 0.3 30% Nominalnej Siły
3.41 kg / 7.51 pounds
3405.0 g / 33.4 N
Painted steel (standard)
µ = 0.2 20% Nominalnej Siły
2.27 kg / 5.00 pounds
2270.0 g / 22.3 N
Oily/slippery steel
µ = 0.1 10% Nominalnej Siły
1.14 kg / 2.50 pounds
1135.0 g / 11.1 N
Magnet with anti-slip rubber
µ = 0.5 50% Nominalnej Siły
5.68 kg / 12.51 pounds
5675.0 g / 55.7 N
When mounting a holder on a vertical wall (e.g., a fridge), it will only hold barely about 20%-30% of its maximum pull force. Gravity and a low friction coefficient cause that products slip faster than they pull off. Planning a wall mount? Remember that the sliding force is significantly lower than the perpendicular breakaway force. On a smooth steel, the element will slide down under a noticeably lighter weight. Application of an anti-slip pad can significantly increase the grip.

Table 4: Material efficiency (saturation) - power losses
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Steel thickness (mm) % power Real pull force (kg/lbs/g/N)
0.5 mm
5%
 0.57 kg / 1.25 pounds
567.5 g / 5.6 N
1 mm
13%
 1.42 kg / 3.13 pounds
1418.8 g / 13.9 N
2 mm
25%
 2.84 kg / 6.26 pounds
2837.5 g / 27.8 N
3 mm
38%
 4.26 kg / 9.38 pounds
4256.3 g / 41.8 N
5 mm
63%
 7.09 kg / 15.64 pounds
7093.8 g / 69.6 N
10 mm
100%
 11.35 kg / 25.02 pounds
11350.0 g / 111.3 N
11 mm
100%
 11.35 kg / 25.02 pounds
11350.0 g / 111.3 N
12 mm
100%
 11.35 kg / 25.02 pounds
11350.0 g / 111.3 N
A thin metal plate is incapable of focus the entire magnetic field, which wastes potential of the holder. Should you mount a strong magnet to a weak sheet, the flux will penetrate right through and the pull force will drop sharply. To achieve the maximum of this magnet's potential, you need a suitably thick backing of metal. The saturation phenomenon causes that on sheet metal structures (e.g., car bodies), the magnet holds weaker. We recommend selecting the steel dimension according to the table below.

Table 5: Thermal stability (stability) - power drop
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Ambient temp. (°C) Power loss Remaining pull (kg/lbs/g/N) Status
20 °C 0.0% 11.35 kg / 25.02 pounds
11350.0 g / 111.3 N
 OK
40 °C -2.2% 11.10 kg / 24.47 pounds
11100.3 g / 108.9 N
 OK
60 °C -4.4% 10.85 kg / 23.92 pounds
10850.6 g / 106.4 N
80 °C -6.6% 10.60 kg / 23.37 pounds
10600.9 g / 104.0 N
100 °C -28.8% 8.08 kg / 17.82 pounds
8081.2 g / 79.3 N
Standard neodymium magnets change their properties power above the temperature limit. Avoid high temperatures – excessive heat can permanently damage this magnet. As the temperature rises, the magnet's power temporarily drops. Avoid using this product close to heaters higher than its safe range. Too high temperature will lead to destruction of magnetism.
*Technical advisory: Temperature resistance is determined by both grade, but also on the magnet's shape. Low-profile magnets (low permeance coefficient) may lose charge permanently at lower temperatures than taller cylinders. Red status in the table signals permanent field degradation for this specific geometry.

Table 6: Two magnets (attraction) - field collision
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Gap (mm) Attraction (kg/lbs) (N-S) Shear Strength (kg/lbs/g/N) Repulsion (kg/lbs) (N-N)
0 mm 22.94 kg / 50.58 pounds
3 961 Gs
3.44 kg / 7.59 pounds
3441 g / 33.8 N
 N/A
1 mm 21.37 kg / 47.11 pounds
4 807 Gs
3.21 kg / 7.07 pounds
3205 g / 31.4 N
 19.23 kg / 42.40 pounds
~0 Gs
2 mm 19.67 kg / 43.37 pounds
4 612 Gs
2.95 kg / 6.50 pounds
2951 g / 28.9 N
 17.70 kg / 39.03 pounds
~0 Gs
3 mm 17.94 kg / 39.55 pounds
4 404 Gs
2.69 kg / 5.93 pounds
2691 g / 26.4 N
 16.15 kg / 35.59 pounds
~0 Gs
5 mm 14.58 kg / 32.15 pounds
3 971 Gs
2.19 kg / 4.82 pounds
2187 g / 21.5 N
 13.12 kg / 28.93 pounds
~0 Gs
10 mm 8.01 kg / 17.67 pounds
2 944 Gs
1.20 kg / 2.65 pounds
1202 g / 11.8 N
 7.21 kg / 15.90 pounds
~0 Gs
20 mm 2.32 kg / 5.11 pounds
1 583 Gs
0.35 kg / 0.77 pounds
348 g / 3.4 N
 2.09 kg / 4.60 pounds
~0 Gs
50 mm 0.12 kg / 0.26 pounds
359 Gs
0.02 kg / 0.04 pounds
18 g / 0.2 N
 0.11 kg / 0.24 pounds
~0 Gs
60 mm 0.05 kg / 0.12 pounds
243 Gs
0.01 kg / 0.02 pounds
8 g / 0.1 N
 0.05 kg / 0.11 pounds
~0 Gs
70 mm 0.03 kg / 0.06 pounds
171 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.01 pounds
4 g / 0.0 N
 0.02 kg / 0.05 pounds
~0 Gs
80 mm 0.01 kg / 0.03 pounds
124 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 pounds
2 g / 0.0 N
 0.01 kg / 0.03 pounds
~0 Gs
90 mm 0.01 kg / 0.02 pounds
92 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 pounds
1 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 pounds
~0 Gs
100 mm 0.00 kg / 0.01 pounds
70 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 pounds
1 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 pounds
~0 Gs
Two magnetic products interact from a wider radius than a neodymium and metal setup. Such a system of two magnets produces a massive flux and a further horizon of action. Designing a strong closure? Apply two magnets instead of one magnet and a striker plate. Remember that when connecting a pair of magnets, the pinch force is huge. The levitation is marginally weaker than the connection force, but still impressive.
*Flux density in repulsion mode reaches ~0 Gs at the geometric center between the magnets (caused by magnetic field nullification).
Important: Results apply to sliding force of dual identical neodymium magnets (friction coefficient ~0.15 for Ni-Ni plating).

Table 7: Protective zones (implants) - precautionary measures
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Object / Device Limit (Gauss) / mT Safe distance
Pacemaker 5 Gs (0.5 mT) 10.5 cm
Hearing aid 10 Gs (1.0 mT) 8.0 cm
Mechanical watch 20 Gs (2.0 mT) 6.5 cm
Mobile device 40 Gs (4.0 mT) 5.0 cm
Remote 50 Gs (5.0 mT) 4.5 cm
Payment card 400 Gs (40.0 mT) 2.0 cm
HDD hard drive 600 Gs (60.0 mT) 1.5 cm
Extremely neodym field is a large risk to electronic devices and pacemakers. These neodymiums produce a field that destroys function of sensitive medical devices. Be aware: the unseen radiation acts through matter and housings. Increased vigilance must be exercised by people with hearing aids and drug dispensers. Also at risk are: automatic timepieces, remotes, membranes, and screens. Do not place the magnet near cards, HDD media, or sensitive navigation tools.

Table 8: Dynamics (kinetic energy) - warning
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Start from (mm) Speed (km/h) Energy (J) Predicted outcome
10 mm 24.04 km/h
(6.68 m/s)
 0.50 J
30 mm 39.29 km/h
(10.91 m/s)
 1.34 J
50 mm 50.66 km/h
(14.07 m/s)
 2.23 J
100 mm 71.63 km/h
(19.90 m/s)
 4.45 J
Neodymium magnets are very brittle – a strong collision with metal causes immediate chipping. Control the attraction moment – a magnet released freely speeds with massive force. Kinetic force can trigger coating fragments or dangerous crushing to skin. Always hold the magnet during installation so it doesn't slam with momentum against the metal. A collision at high speed ends with a crack of the magnet. Wear eye protection when handling with large magnets.

Table 9: Coating parameters (durability)
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Technical parameter Value / Description
Coating type [NiCuNi] Nickel
Layer structure Nickel - Copper - Nickel
Layer thickness 10-20 µm
Salt spray test (SST) ? 24 h
Recommended environment Indoors only (dry)
Neodymium magnets are highly susceptible to corrosion without proper protection. The silver nickel coating also serves an aesthetic function but is not fully waterproof.

Table 10: Construction data (Pc)
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Parameter Value SI Unit / Description
Magnetic Flux 14 969 Mx 149.7 µWb
Pc Coefficient 0.26 Low (Flat)
Total magnetic flux passing through the pole surface. Key data in coil applications and motors. Pc value defines the working geometry.

Table 11: Submerged application
MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38

Environment Effective steel pull Effect
Air (land) 11.35 kg Standard
Water (riverbed) 13.00 kg
(+1.65 kg buoyancy gain)
+14.5%
Rust risk: Remember to wipe the magnet thoroughly after removing it from water and apply a protective layer (e.g., oil) to avoid corrosion.
Contrary to myths, water does not block the magnetic field. However, remember the water resistance when pulling the rope quickly.
1. Shear force

*Note: On a vertical wall, the magnet retains only a fraction of its nominal pull.

2. Steel thickness impact

*Thin steel (e.g. 0.5mm PC case) drastically reduces the holding force.

3. Temperature resistance

*For N38 grade, the critical limit is 80°C.

4. Demagnetization curve and operating point (B-H)

chart generated for the permeance coefficient Pc (Permeance Coefficient) = 0.26

This simulation demonstrates the magnetic stability of the selected magnet under specific geometric conditions. The solid red line represents the demagnetization curve (material potential), while the dashed blue line is the load line based on the magnet's geometry. The Pc (Permeance Coefficient), also known as the load line slope, is a dimensionless value that describes the relationship between the magnet's shape and its magnetic stability. The intersection of these two lines (the black dot) is the operating point — it determines the actual magnetic flux density generated by the magnet in this specific configuration. A higher Pc value means the magnet is more 'slender' (tall relative to its area), resulting in a higher operating point and better resistance to irreversible demagnetization caused by external fields or temperature. A value of 0.42 is relatively low (typical for flat magnets), meaning the operating point is closer to the 'knee' of the curve — caution is advised when operating at temperatures near the maximum limit to avoid strength loss.

Engineering data and GPSR
Material specification
iron (Fe) 64% – 68%
neodymium (Nd) 29% – 32%
boron (B) 1.1% – 1.2%
dysprosium (Dy) 0.5% – 2.0%
coating (Ni-Cu-Ni) < 0.05%
Ecology and recycling (GPSR)
recyclability (EoL) 100%
recycled raw materials ~10% (pre-cons)
carbon footprint low / zredukowany
waste code (EWC) 16 02 16
Safety card (GPSR)
responsible entity
Dhit sp. z o.o.
ul. Kościuszki 6A, 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki
tel: +48 22 499 98 98 | e-mail: bok@dhit.pl
batch number/type
id: 020154-2026
Magnet Unit Converter
Pulling force
Magnetic Field
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This product is an extremely strong magnet in the shape of a plate made of NdFeB material, which, with dimensions of 40x15x5 mm and a weight of 22.5 g, guarantees premium class connection. This magnetic block with a force of 111.37 N is ready for shipment in 24h, allowing for rapid realization of your project. The durable anti-corrosion layer ensures a long lifespan in a dry environment, protecting the core from oxidation.
The key to success is shifting the magnets along their largest connection plane (using e.g., the edge of a table), which is easier than trying to tear them apart directly. Watch your fingers! Magnets with a force of 11.35 kg can pinch very hard and cause hematomas. Never use metal tools for prying, as the brittle NdFeB material may chip and damage your eyes.
Plate magnets MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38 are the foundation for many industrial devices, such as filters catching filings and linear motors. They work great as invisible mounts under tiles, wood, or glass. Customers often choose this model for hanging tools on strips and for advanced DIY and modeling projects, where precision and power count.
For mounting flat magnets MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38, it is best to use two-component adhesives (e.g., UHU Endfest, Distal), which ensure a durable bond with metal or plastic. For lighter applications or mounting on smooth surfaces, branded foam tape (e.g., 3M VHB) will work, provided the surface is perfectly degreased. Avoid chemically aggressive glues or hot glue, which can demagnetize neodymium (above 80°C).
Standardly, the MPL 40x15x5x2[7/3.5] / N38 model is magnetized through the thickness (dimension 5 mm), which means that the N and S poles are located on its largest, flat surfaces. In practice, this means that this magnet has the greatest attraction force on its main planes (40x15 mm), which is ideal for flat mounting. Such a pole arrangement ensures maximum holding capacity when pressing against the sheet, creating a closed magnetic circuit.
This model is characterized by dimensions 40x15x5 mm, which, at a weight of 22.5 g, makes it an element with high energy density. It is a magnetic block with dimensions 40x15x5 mm and a self-weight of 22.5 g, ready to work at temperatures up to 80°C. The protective [NiCuNi] coating secures the magnet against corrosion.

Pros and cons of rare earth magnets.

Pros

Besides their immense magnetic power, neodymium magnets offer the following advantages:
  • Their strength remains stable, and after around 10 years it drops only by ~1% (according to research),
  • They are resistant to demagnetization induced by external disturbances,
  • A magnet with a metallic nickel surface has better aesthetics,
  • They are known for high magnetic induction at the operating surface, which affects their effectiveness,
  • Made from properly selected components, these magnets show impressive resistance to high heat, enabling them to function (depending on their shape) at temperatures up to 230°C and above...
  • Thanks to modularity in shaping and the ability to modify to client solutions,
  • Huge importance in modern industrial fields – they are commonly used in hard drives, electromotive mechanisms, diagnostic systems, as well as other advanced devices.
  • Thanks to concentrated force, small magnets offer high operating force, in miniature format,

Limitations

Disadvantages of neodymium magnets:
  • Brittleness is one of their disadvantages. Upon intense impact they can fracture. We advise keeping them in a special holder, which not only secures them against impacts but also increases their durability
  • When exposed to high temperature, neodymium magnets experience a drop in force. Often, when the temperature exceeds 80°C, their strength decreases (depending on the size and shape of the magnet). For those who need magnets for extreme conditions, we offer [AH] versions withstanding up to 230°C
  • Magnets exposed to a humid environment can corrode. Therefore when using outdoors, we suggest using water-impermeable magnets made of rubber, plastic or other material resistant to moisture
  • We recommend a housing - magnetic mount, due to difficulties in realizing nuts inside the magnet and complex shapes.
  • Health risk related to microscopic parts of magnets can be dangerous, if swallowed, which gains importance in the context of child safety. Additionally, small components of these products are able to complicate diagnosis medical in case of swallowing.
  • High unit price – neodymium magnets cost more than other types of magnets (e.g. ferrite), which hinders application in large quantities

Holding force characteristics

Maximum holding power of the magnet – what affects it?

Magnet power is the result of a measurement for ideal contact conditions, taking into account:
  • with the use of a sheet made of special test steel, guaranteeing full magnetic saturation
  • with a thickness minimum 10 mm
  • with an ideally smooth touching surface
  • without the slightest clearance between the magnet and steel
  • under vertical force direction (90-degree angle)
  • at conditions approx. 20°C

Practical lifting capacity: influencing factors

Holding efficiency is affected by working environment parameters, such as (from most important):
  • Clearance – the presence of any layer (rust, dirt, gap) interrupts the magnetic circuit, which reduces capacity steeply (even by 50% at 0.5 mm).
  • Pull-off angle – note that the magnet has greatest strength perpendicularly. Under shear forces, the holding force drops significantly, often to levels of 20-30% of the nominal value.
  • Substrate thickness – for full efficiency, the steel must be sufficiently thick. Thin sheet limits the lifting capacity (the magnet "punches through" it).
  • Material composition – different alloys reacts the same. Alloy additives weaken the interaction with the magnet.
  • Smoothness – full contact is possible only on smooth steel. Any scratches and bumps create air cushions, reducing force.
  • Heat – neodymium magnets have a sensitivity to temperature. At higher temperatures they are weaker, and at low temperatures gain strength (up to a certain limit).

Lifting capacity testing was performed on plates with a smooth surface of suitable thickness, under perpendicular forces, in contrast under parallel forces the holding force is lower. Moreover, even a minimal clearance between the magnet and the plate decreases the load capacity.

Precautions when working with NdFeB magnets
Electronic hazard

Do not bring magnets near a purse, laptop, or screen. The magnetic field can irreversibly ruin these devices and erase data from cards.

Danger to the youngest

Adult use only. Tiny parts can be swallowed, leading to serious injuries. Keep out of reach of children and animals.

Fire risk

Combustion risk: Rare earth powder is explosive. Do not process magnets in home conditions as this may cause fire.

Sensitization to coating

It is widely known that the nickel plating (standard magnet coating) is a strong allergen. If you have an allergy, refrain from touching magnets with bare hands and opt for coated magnets.

Crushing force

Protect your hands. Two powerful magnets will join immediately with a force of several hundred kilograms, destroying anything in their path. Be careful!

Risk of cracking

NdFeB magnets are sintered ceramics, meaning they are fragile like glass. Impact of two magnets leads to them breaking into shards.

Medical interference

For implant holders: Powerful magnets disrupt electronics. Keep minimum 30 cm distance or ask another person to work with the magnets.

Heat warning

Control the heat. Heating the magnet to high heat will destroy its properties and pulling force.

Immense force

Use magnets with awareness. Their huge power can surprise even experienced users. Plan your moves and respect their power.

Phone sensors

A powerful magnetic field disrupts the operation of compasses in phones and GPS navigation. Do not bring magnets close to a device to prevent breaking the sensors.

Security! More info about hazards in the article: Safety of working with magnets.