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MPL 30x10x8 / N38 - lamellar magnet

lamellar magnet

Catalog no 020139

GTIN/EAN: 5906301811459

5.00

length

30 mm [±0,1 mm]

Width

10 mm [±0,1 mm]

Height

8 mm [±0,1 mm]

Weight

18 g

Magnetization Direction

↑ axial

Load capacity

12.13 kg / 119.04 N

Magnetic Induction

427.56 mT / 4276 Gs

Coating

[NiCuNi] Nickel

see technical specifications »

10.71 ZŁ with VAT / pcs + price for transport

8.71 ZŁ net + 23% VAT / pcs

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Force as well as shape of a magnet can be verified with our force calculator.

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Product card - MPL 30x10x8 / N38 - lamellar magnet

Specification / characteristics - MPL 30x10x8 / N38 - lamellar magnet

properties
properties values
Cat. no. 020139
GTIN/EAN 5906301811459
Production/Distribution Dhit sp. z o.o.
ul. Zielona 14 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki PL
Country of origin Poland / China / Germany
Customs code 85059029
length 30 mm [±0,1 mm]
Width 10 mm [±0,1 mm]
Height 8 mm [±0,1 mm]
Weight 18 g
Magnetization Direction ↑ axial
Load capacity ~ ? 12.13 kg / 119.04 N
Magnetic Induction ~ ? 427.56 mT / 4276 Gs
Coating [NiCuNi] Nickel
Manufacturing Tolerance ±0.1 mm

Magnetic properties of material N38

Specification / characteristics MPL 30x10x8 / N38 - lamellar magnet
properties values units
remenance Br [min. - max.] ? 12.2-12.6 kGs
remenance Br [min. - max.] ? 1220-1260 mT
coercivity bHc ? 10.8-11.5 kOe
coercivity bHc ? 860-915 kA/m
actual internal force iHc ≥ 12 kOe
actual internal force iHc ≥ 955 kA/m
energy density [min. - max.] ? 36-38 BH max MGOe
energy density [min. - max.] ? 287-303 BH max KJ/m
max. temperature ? ≤ 80 °C

Physical properties of sintered neodymium magnets Nd2Fe14B at 20°C

Physical properties of sintered neodymium magnets Nd2Fe14B at 20°C
properties values units
Vickers hardness ≥550 Hv
Density ≥7.4 g/cm3
Curie Temperature TC 312 - 380 °C
Curie Temperature TF 593 - 716 °F
Specific resistance 150 μΩ⋅cm
Bending strength 250 MPa
Compressive strength 1000~1100 MPa
Thermal expansion parallel (∥) to orientation (M) (3-4) x 10-6 °C-1
Thermal expansion perpendicular (⊥) to orientation (M) -(1-3) x 10-6 °C-1
Young's modulus 1.7 x 104 kg/mm²

Physical analysis of the magnet - report

Presented information constitute the result of a physical calculation. Values rely on algorithms for the class Nd2Fe14B. Actual parameters might slightly deviate from the simulation results. Please consider these data as a preliminary roadmap when designing systems.

Table 1: Static force (force vs distance) - interaction chart
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Distance (mm) Induction (Gauss) / mT Pull Force (kg/lbs/g/N) Risk Status
0 mm 4273 Gs
427.3 mT
 12.13 kg / 26.74 LBS
12130.0 g / 119.0 N
 crushing
1 mm 3683 Gs
368.3 mT
 9.01 kg / 19.86 LBS
9009.7 g / 88.4 N
 warning
2 mm 3109 Gs
310.9 mT
 6.42 kg / 14.15 LBS
6419.9 g / 63.0 N
 warning
3 mm 2600 Gs
260.0 mT
 4.49 kg / 9.90 LBS
4488.7 g / 44.0 N
 warning
5 mm 1818 Gs
181.8 mT
 2.20 kg / 4.84 LBS
2195.3 g / 21.5 N
 warning
10 mm 825 Gs
82.5 mT
 0.45 kg / 1.00 LBS
452.4 g / 4.4 N
 safe
15 mm 431 Gs
43.1 mT
 0.12 kg / 0.27 LBS
123.4 g / 1.2 N
 safe
20 mm 248 Gs
24.8 mT
 0.04 kg / 0.09 LBS
41.0 g / 0.4 N
 safe
30 mm 101 Gs
10.1 mT
 0.01 kg / 0.02 LBS
6.8 g / 0.1 N
 safe
50 mm 28 Gs
2.8 mT
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.5 g / 0.0 N
 safe
Magnetic force drops drastically with every mm of gap. Remember that every additional insulation layer (e.g., contamination, paint, veneer) significantly diminishes the holding power. Neodymiums hold strongest during direct contact; air break nullifies the force. Analyze how quickly the parameters fall, when the magnet does not touch directly to the steel surface. When designing the assembly, avoid redundant distances.

Table 2: Sliding hold (wall)
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Distance (mm) Friction coefficient Pull Force (kg/lbs/g/N)
0 mm Stal (~0.2) 2.43 kg / 5.35 LBS
2426.0 g / 23.8 N
1 mm Stal (~0.2) 1.80 kg / 3.97 LBS
1802.0 g / 17.7 N
2 mm Stal (~0.2) 1.28 kg / 2.83 LBS
1284.0 g / 12.6 N
3 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.90 kg / 1.98 LBS
898.0 g / 8.8 N
5 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.44 kg / 0.97 LBS
440.0 g / 4.3 N
10 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.09 kg / 0.20 LBS
90.0 g / 0.9 N
15 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.02 kg / 0.05 LBS
24.0 g / 0.2 N
20 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.01 kg / 0.02 LBS
8.0 g / 0.1 N
30 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
2.0 g / 0.0 N
50 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.0 g / 0.0 N
This section calculates the theoretical holding capacity required to start the downward movement of the magnet vertically against a vertical metal surface (assuming standard friction). The holding force varies with the separation distance between the magnet and the surface.

Table 3: Wall mounting (shearing) - behavior on slippery surfaces
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Surface type Friction coefficient / % Mocy Max load (kg/lbs/g/N)
Raw steel
µ = 0.3 30% Nominalnej Siły
3.64 kg / 8.02 LBS
3639.0 g / 35.7 N
Painted steel (standard)
µ = 0.2 20% Nominalnej Siły
2.43 kg / 5.35 LBS
2426.0 g / 23.8 N
Oily/slippery steel
µ = 0.1 10% Nominalnej Siły
1.21 kg / 2.67 LBS
1213.0 g / 11.9 N
Magnet with anti-slip rubber
µ = 0.5 50% Nominalnej Siły
6.07 kg / 13.37 LBS
6065.0 g / 59.5 N
When placing a magnet on a vertical wall (e.g., a fridge), it will only hold just approx. 1/5 of its nominal power. Gravity as well as a low friction coefficient cause that magnets slide down faster than they pull off. Want to create a wall mount? Consider that the sliding force is much weaker than the maximum static pull force. On a smooth steel, the magnet will slide down under a significantly smaller cargo. Utilizing a rubberized layer can drastically increase the grip.

Table 4: Steel thickness (saturation) - sheet metal selection
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Steel thickness (mm) % power Real pull force (kg/lbs/g/N)
0.5 mm
5%
 0.61 kg / 1.34 LBS
606.5 g / 5.9 N
1 mm
13%
 1.52 kg / 3.34 LBS
1516.3 g / 14.9 N
2 mm
25%
 3.03 kg / 6.69 LBS
3032.5 g / 29.7 N
3 mm
38%
 4.55 kg / 10.03 LBS
4548.8 g / 44.6 N
5 mm
63%
 7.58 kg / 16.71 LBS
7581.3 g / 74.4 N
10 mm
100%
 12.13 kg / 26.74 LBS
12130.0 g / 119.0 N
11 mm
100%
 12.13 kg / 26.74 LBS
12130.0 g / 119.0 N
12 mm
100%
 12.13 kg / 26.74 LBS
12130.0 g / 119.0 N
A too thin steel is not enough to focus the entire magnetic field, which weakens actual performance of the magnet. Should you install a neodymium to a weak sheet, the flux will penetrate right through and the attraction force will be weaker. To achieve 100% of this neodymium's potential, you need a suitably thick element of metal. The saturation phenomenon causes that on delicate walls (e.g., thin profiles), the magnet works worse. We advise picking the steel thickness from these parameters.

Table 5: Working in heat (material behavior) - power drop
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Ambient temp. (°C) Power loss Remaining pull (kg/lbs/g/N) Status
20 °C 0.0% 12.13 kg / 26.74 LBS
12130.0 g / 119.0 N
 OK
40 °C -2.2% 11.86 kg / 26.15 LBS
11863.1 g / 116.4 N
 OK
60 °C -4.4% 11.60 kg / 25.57 LBS
11596.3 g / 113.8 N
80 °C -6.6% 11.33 kg / 24.98 LBS
11329.4 g / 111.1 N
100 °C -28.8% 8.64 kg / 19.04 LBS
8636.6 g / 84.7 N
Ordinary NdFeB products change their properties strength after exceeding the maximum temperature. Avoid high temperatures – high temperature can irreversibly destroy this product. With increasing heat, the magnet's power briefly decreases. Avoid using this magnet near heat sources higher than its safe range. Exceeding the critical threshold will cause irreversible degradation of magnetic properties.
*Technical advisory: Heat tolerance depends not only on the material grade, as well as the dimension ratios. Flat magnets (low permeance coefficient) risk losing magnetic properties under lower heat stress than long magnets. Warning indicator in the table indicates permanent field degradation for this particular item.

Table 6: Two magnets (repulsion) - field collision
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Gap (mm) Attraction (kg/lbs) (N-S) Lateral Force (kg/lbs/g/N) Repulsion (kg/lbs) (N-N)
0 mm 33.78 kg / 74.46 LBS
5 382 Gs
5.07 kg / 11.17 LBS
5066 g / 49.7 N
 N/A
1 mm 29.33 kg / 64.66 LBS
7 964 Gs
4.40 kg / 9.70 LBS
4399 g / 43.2 N
 26.39 kg / 58.19 LBS
~0 Gs
2 mm 25.09 kg / 55.31 LBS
7 366 Gs
3.76 kg / 8.30 LBS
3763 g / 36.9 N
 22.58 kg / 49.78 LBS
~0 Gs
3 mm 21.25 kg / 46.85 LBS
6 780 Gs
3.19 kg / 7.03 LBS
3188 g / 31.3 N
 19.13 kg / 42.17 LBS
~0 Gs
5 mm 14.97 kg / 32.99 LBS
5 689 Gs
2.24 kg / 4.95 LBS
2245 g / 22.0 N
 13.47 kg / 29.70 LBS
~0 Gs
10 mm 6.11 kg / 13.48 LBS
3 636 Gs
0.92 kg / 2.02 LBS
917 g / 9.0 N
 5.50 kg / 12.13 LBS
~0 Gs
20 mm 1.26 kg / 2.78 LBS
1 651 Gs
0.19 kg / 0.42 LBS
189 g / 1.9 N
 1.13 kg / 2.50 LBS
~0 Gs
50 mm 0.04 kg / 0.10 LBS
308 Gs
0.01 kg / 0.01 LBS
7 g / 0.1 N
 0.04 kg / 0.09 LBS
~0 Gs
60 mm 0.02 kg / 0.04 LBS
203 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.01 LBS
3 g / 0.0 N
 0.02 kg / 0.04 LBS
~0 Gs
70 mm 0.01 kg / 0.02 LBS
140 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
1 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
80 mm 0.00 kg / 0.01 LBS
100 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
1 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
90 mm 0.00 kg / 0.01 LBS
74 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
100 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
56 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
Two magnets interact from a significantly greater distance than a magnet and steel setup. Such a system of magnet-to-magnet produces a massive flux and a wider radius of operation. Planning to create a strong closure? Utilize two neodymiums instead of one magnet and a steel. Exercise caution that when attracting two neodymiums, the collision energy is huge. The repulsion force is slightly lower than the connection force, but still large.
*Field value in repulsion mode reaches ~0 Gs in the exact middle between the magnets (due to field cancellation).
Important: Results apply to sliding force of dual matching magnets (friction ~0.15 for Ni-Ni plating).

Table 7: Protective zones (electronics) - precautionary measures
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Object / Device Limit (Gauss) / mT Safe distance
Pacemaker 5 Gs (0.5 mT) 9.5 cm
Hearing aid 10 Gs (1.0 mT) 7.5 cm
Mechanical watch 20 Gs (2.0 mT) 6.0 cm
Mobile device 40 Gs (4.0 mT) 4.5 cm
Car key 50 Gs (5.0 mT) 4.0 cm
Payment card 400 Gs (40.0 mT) 2.0 cm
HDD hard drive 600 Gs (60.0 mT) 1.5 cm
Powerful magnet radiation poses a serious hazard to IT equipment as well as medical implants. These neodymiums produce a flux that destroys function of digital equipment. Notice: the invisible magnetic field acts through matter and plastic. Special caution must be exercised by people with cochlear implants and insulin pumps. Influence will be felt by: automatic timepieces, car keys, speakers, and screens. Do not place the magnet near cards, HDD media, or precise measuring instruments.

Table 8: Impact energy (cracking risk) - warning
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Start from (mm) Speed (km/h) Energy (J) Predicted outcome
10 mm 26.78 km/h
(7.44 m/s)
 0.50 J
30 mm 45.36 km/h
(12.60 m/s)
 1.43 J
50 mm 58.54 km/h
(16.26 m/s)
 2.38 J
100 mm 82.79 km/h
(23.00 m/s)
 4.76 J
Magnetic elements are prone to chipping – a violent impact against metal can result in shattering. Control the attraction moment – a magnet released freely turns into a projectile. Kinetic force can trigger coating fragments or painful pinches to fingers. Always hold the magnet during mounting so it doesn't hit violently against the steel surface. A contact at a velocity of dozens of km/h means shattering of the neodymium. Use safety goggles when working with large magnets.

Table 9: Anti-corrosion coating durability
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Technical parameter Value / Description
Coating type [NiCuNi] Nickel
Layer structure Nickel - Copper - Nickel
Layer thickness 10-20 µm
Salt spray test (SST) ? 24 h
Recommended environment Indoors only (dry)
The following table defines the conditions under which this product can be safely used. Improper coating selection is the most common cause of magnet failure over time.

Table 10: Construction data (Pc)
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Parameter Value SI Unit / Description
Magnetic Flux 12 138 Mx 121.4 µWb
Pc Coefficient 0.51 Low (Flat)
Total magnetic flux emitted by the pole surface. Essential parameter for generator designers as well as sensors. Pc value defines the magnet's operating point.

Table 11: Underwater work (magnet fishing)
MPL 30x10x8 / N38

Environment Effective steel pull Effect
Air (land) 12.13 kg Standard
Water (riverbed) 13.89 kg
(+1.76 kg buoyancy gain)
+14.5%
Corrosion warning: Standard nickel requires drying after every contact with moisture; lack of maintenance will lead to rust spots.
In water, the magnet feels stronger thanks to Archimedes' principle. As a result, your magnet will pull a heavier object from the bottom than if you lifted it in the air.
1. Wall mount (shear)

*Caution: On a vertical wall, the magnet retains just approx. 20-30% of its perpendicular strength.

2. Steel saturation

*Thin metal sheet (e.g. 0.5mm PC case) drastically weakens the holding force.

3. Power loss vs temp

*For N38 material, the safety limit is 80°C.

4. Demagnetization curve and operating point (B-H)

chart generated for the permeance coefficient Pc (Permeance Coefficient) = 0.51

The chart above illustrates the magnetic characteristics of the material within the second quadrant of the hysteresis loop. The solid red line represents the demagnetization curve (material potential), while the dashed blue line is the load line based on the magnet's geometry. The Pc (Permeance Coefficient), also known as the load line slope, is a dimensionless value that describes the relationship between the magnet's shape and its magnetic stability. The intersection of these two lines (the black dot) is the operating point — it determines the actual magnetic flux density generated by the magnet in this specific configuration. A higher Pc value means the magnet is more 'slender' (tall relative to its area), resulting in a higher operating point and better resistance to irreversible demagnetization caused by external fields or temperature. A value of 0.42 is relatively low (typical for flat magnets), meaning the operating point is closer to the 'knee' of the curve — caution is advised when operating at temperatures near the maximum limit to avoid strength loss.

Technical specification and ecology
Elemental analysis
iron (Fe) 64% – 68%
neodymium (Nd) 29% – 32%
boron (B) 1.1% – 1.2%
dysprosium (Dy) 0.5% – 2.0%
coating (Ni-Cu-Ni) < 0.05%
Environmental data
recyclability (EoL) 100%
recycled raw materials ~10% (pre-cons)
carbon footprint low / zredukowany
waste code (EWC) 16 02 16
Safety card (GPSR)
responsible entity
Dhit sp. z o.o.
ul. Kościuszki 6A, 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki
tel: +48 22 499 98 98 | e-mail: bok@dhit.pl
batch number/type
id: 020139-2026
Quick Unit Converter
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Field Strength
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Component MPL 30x10x8 / N38 features a flat shape and industrial pulling force, making it an ideal solution for building separators and machines. As a magnetic bar with high power (approx. 12.13 kg), this product is available immediately from our warehouse in Poland. Additionally, its Ni-Cu-Ni coating protects it against corrosion in standard operating conditions, giving it an aesthetic appearance.
Separating strong flat magnets requires a technique based on sliding (moving one relative to the other), rather than forceful pulling apart. To separate the MPL 30x10x8 / N38 model, firmly slide one magnet over the edge of the other until the attraction force decreases. We recommend extreme caution, because after separation, the magnets may want to violently snap back together, which threatens pinching the skin. Using a screwdriver risks destroying the coating and permanently cracking the magnet.
Plate magnets MPL 30x10x8 / N38 are the foundation for many industrial devices, such as magnetic separators and linear motors. Thanks to the flat surface and high force (approx. 12.13 kg), they are ideal as closers in furniture making and mounting elements in automation. Their rectangular shape facilitates precise gluing into milled sockets in wood or plastic.
For mounting flat magnets MPL 30x10x8 / N38, it is best to use strong epoxy glues (e.g., UHU Endfest, Distal), which ensure a durable bond with metal or plastic. For lighter applications or mounting on smooth surfaces, branded foam tape (e.g., 3M VHB) will work, provided the surface is perfectly degreased. Remember to roughen and wash the magnet surface before gluing, which significantly increases the adhesion of the glue to the nickel coating.
Standardly, the MPL 30x10x8 / N38 model is magnetized through the thickness (dimension 8 mm), which means that the N and S poles are located on its largest, flat surfaces. Thanks to this, it works best when "sticking" to sheet metal or another magnet with a large surface area. This is the most popular configuration for block magnets used in separators and holders.
The presented product is a neodymium magnet with precisely defined parameters: 30 mm (length), 10 mm (width), and 8 mm (thickness). It is a magnetic block with dimensions 30x10x8 mm and a self-weight of 18 g, ready to work at temperatures up to 80°C. The protective [NiCuNi] coating secures the magnet against corrosion.

Strengths and weaknesses of neodymium magnets.

Advantages

Besides their immense pulling force, neodymium magnets offer the following advantages:
  • They retain magnetic properties for almost 10 years – the loss is just ~1% (based on simulations),
  • Magnets very well protect themselves against demagnetization caused by external fields,
  • Thanks to the reflective finish, the plating of nickel, gold-plated, or silver gives an visually attractive appearance,
  • The surface of neodymium magnets generates a unique magnetic field – this is one of their assets,
  • Neodymium magnets are characterized by extremely high magnetic induction on the magnet surface and are able to act (depending on the form) even at a temperature of 230°C or more...
  • Thanks to freedom in forming and the ability to modify to client solutions,
  • Fundamental importance in high-tech industry – they are commonly used in HDD drives, drive modules, diagnostic systems, as well as technologically advanced constructions.
  • Compactness – despite small sizes they generate large force, making them ideal for precision applications

Disadvantages

Disadvantages of neodymium magnets:
  • They are fragile upon too strong impacts. To avoid cracks, it is worth protecting magnets in special housings. Such protection not only protects the magnet but also increases its resistance to damage
  • NdFeB magnets demagnetize when exposed to high temperatures. After reaching 80°C, many of them experience permanent weakening of strength (a factor is the shape and dimensions of the magnet). We offer magnets specially adapted to work at temperatures up to 230°C marked [AH], which are very resistant to heat
  • Magnets exposed to a humid environment can rust. Therefore when using outdoors, we recommend using waterproof magnets made of rubber, plastic or other material resistant to moisture
  • Due to limitations in realizing threads and complex shapes in magnets, we recommend using cover - magnetic mechanism.
  • Possible danger resulting from small fragments of magnets are risky, in case of ingestion, which gains importance in the context of child health protection. Furthermore, small elements of these magnets are able to be problematic in diagnostics medical when they are in the body.
  • High unit price – neodymium magnets are more expensive than other types of magnets (e.g. ferrite), which can limit application in large quantities

Lifting parameters

Maximum holding power of the magnet – what affects it?

The lifting capacity listed is a theoretical maximum value executed under standard conditions:
  • using a plate made of mild steel, serving as a magnetic yoke
  • possessing a massiveness of min. 10 mm to avoid saturation
  • with a plane perfectly flat
  • under conditions of ideal adhesion (metal-to-metal)
  • for force applied at a right angle (in the magnet axis)
  • at standard ambient temperature

Lifting capacity in practice – influencing factors

In real-world applications, the real power is determined by many variables, listed from most significant:
  • Distance (betwixt the magnet and the plate), because even a microscopic distance (e.g. 0.5 mm) leads to a decrease in lifting capacity by up to 50% (this also applies to varnish, rust or dirt).
  • Pull-off angle – note that the magnet holds strongest perpendicularly. Under sliding down, the capacity drops significantly, often to levels of 20-30% of the maximum value.
  • Base massiveness – insufficiently thick sheet does not accept the full field, causing part of the power to be lost into the air.
  • Steel grade – the best choice is pure iron steel. Cast iron may generate lower lifting capacity.
  • Surface condition – ground elements ensure maximum contact, which increases force. Uneven metal weaken the grip.
  • Temperature – temperature increase results in weakening of induction. Check the maximum operating temperature for a given model.

Lifting capacity was assessed using a polished steel plate of suitable thickness (min. 20 mm), under perpendicular pulling force, however under attempts to slide the magnet the holding force is lower. In addition, even a slight gap between the magnet and the plate reduces the lifting capacity.

H&S for magnets
Shattering risk

NdFeB magnets are ceramic materials, meaning they are fragile like glass. Collision of two magnets leads to them shattering into shards.

Skin irritation risks

It is widely known that nickel (standard magnet coating) is a common allergen. If you have an allergy, avoid direct skin contact and choose coated magnets.

Safe operation

Exercise caution. Rare earth magnets attract from a distance and snap with huge force, often quicker than you can move away.

This is not a toy

Adult use only. Small elements can be swallowed, causing serious injuries. Store away from kids and pets.

Health Danger

For implant holders: Powerful magnets affect electronics. Keep minimum 30 cm distance or ask another person to work with the magnets.

Precision electronics

Note: neodymium magnets generate a field that interferes with precision electronics. Maintain a separation from your phone, device, and navigation systems.

Mechanical processing

Powder generated during machining of magnets is flammable. Do not drill into magnets unless you are an expert.

Maximum temperature

Regular neodymium magnets (N-type) lose magnetization when the temperature surpasses 80°C. This process is irreversible.

Protect data

Do not bring magnets near a wallet, computer, or TV. The magnetic field can permanently damage these devices and wipe information from cards.

Hand protection

Large magnets can break fingers in a fraction of a second. Do not put your hand betwixt two strong magnets.

Safety First! Details about hazards in the article: Magnet Safety Guide.