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MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38 - lamellar magnet

lamellar magnet

Catalog no 020136

GTIN/EAN: 5906301811428

5.00

length

25 mm [±0,1 mm]

Width

12.5 mm [±0,1 mm]

Height

5 mm [±0,1 mm]

Weight

11.72 g

Magnetization Direction

↑ axial

Load capacity

7.72 kg / 75.74 N

Magnetic Induction

299.70 mT / 2997 Gs

Coating

[NiCuNi] Nickel

view technical data »

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Technical of the product - MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38 - lamellar magnet

Specification / characteristics - MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38 - lamellar magnet

properties
properties values
Cat. no. 020136
GTIN/EAN 5906301811428
Production/Distribution Dhit sp. z o.o.
ul. Zielona 14 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki PL
Country of origin Poland / China / Germany
Customs code 85059029
length 25 mm [±0,1 mm]
Width 12.5 mm [±0,1 mm]
Height 5 mm [±0,1 mm]
Weight 11.72 g
Magnetization Direction ↑ axial
Load capacity ~ ? 7.72 kg / 75.74 N
Magnetic Induction ~ ? 299.70 mT / 2997 Gs
Coating [NiCuNi] Nickel
Manufacturing Tolerance ±0.1 mm

Magnetic properties of material N38

Specification / characteristics MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38 - lamellar magnet
properties values units
remenance Br [min. - max.] ? 12.2-12.6 kGs
remenance Br [min. - max.] ? 1220-1260 mT
coercivity bHc ? 10.8-11.5 kOe
coercivity bHc ? 860-915 kA/m
actual internal force iHc ≥ 12 kOe
actual internal force iHc ≥ 955 kA/m
energy density [min. - max.] ? 36-38 BH max MGOe
energy density [min. - max.] ? 287-303 BH max KJ/m
max. temperature ? ≤ 80 °C

Physical properties of sintered neodymium magnets Nd2Fe14B at 20°C

Physical properties of sintered neodymium magnets Nd2Fe14B at 20°C
properties values units
Vickers hardness ≥550 Hv
Density ≥7.4 g/cm3
Curie Temperature TC 312 - 380 °C
Curie Temperature TF 593 - 716 °F
Specific resistance 150 μΩ⋅cm
Bending strength 250 MPa
Compressive strength 1000~1100 MPa
Thermal expansion parallel (∥) to orientation (M) (3-4) x 10-6 °C-1
Thermal expansion perpendicular (⊥) to orientation (M) -(1-3) x 10-6 °C-1
Young's modulus 1.7 x 104 kg/mm²

Technical modeling of the assembly - report

The following values are the result of a mathematical calculation. Values are based on algorithms for the material Nd2Fe14B. Actual parameters might slightly deviate from the simulation results. Please consider these calculations as a reference point when designing systems.

Table 1: Static pull force (pull vs gap) - interaction chart
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Distance (mm) Induction (Gauss) / mT Pull Force (kg/lbs/g/N) Risk Status
0 mm 2996 Gs
299.6 mT
 7.72 kg / 17.02 lbs
7720.0 g / 75.7 N
 strong
1 mm 2705 Gs
270.5 mT
 6.29 kg / 13.87 lbs
6292.6 g / 61.7 N
 strong
2 mm 2384 Gs
238.4 mT
 4.89 kg / 10.77 lbs
4886.6 g / 47.9 N
 strong
3 mm 2067 Gs
206.7 mT
 3.67 kg / 8.10 lbs
3674.4 g / 36.0 N
 strong
5 mm 1517 Gs
151.7 mT
 1.98 kg / 4.36 lbs
1979.6 g / 19.4 N
 safe
10 mm 702 Gs
70.2 mT
 0.42 kg / 0.93 lbs
424.1 g / 4.2 N
 safe
15 mm 355 Gs
35.5 mT
 0.11 kg / 0.24 lbs
108.6 g / 1.1 N
 safe
20 mm 198 Gs
19.8 mT
 0.03 kg / 0.07 lbs
33.6 g / 0.3 N
 safe
30 mm 76 Gs
7.6 mT
 0.01 kg / 0.01 lbs
5.0 g / 0.0 N
 safe
50 mm 20 Gs
2.0 mT
 0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
0.3 g / 0.0 N
 safe
Grip strength drops significantly with every subsequent millimeter of spacing. Remember that every additional insulation layer (e.g., contamination, paint, veneer) strongly reduces the pull force. Magnetic products work most effectively in perfect adhesion; air break weakens the power. Analyze how quickly the parameters drop, when the magnet does not touch flatly to the steel surface. When designing the arrangement, avoid redundant distances.

Table 2: Vertical capacity (wall)
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Distance (mm) Friction coefficient Pull Force (kg/lbs/g/N)
0 mm Stal (~0.2) 1.54 kg / 3.40 lbs
1544.0 g / 15.1 N
1 mm Stal (~0.2) 1.26 kg / 2.77 lbs
1258.0 g / 12.3 N
2 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.98 kg / 2.16 lbs
978.0 g / 9.6 N
3 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.73 kg / 1.62 lbs
734.0 g / 7.2 N
5 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.40 kg / 0.87 lbs
396.0 g / 3.9 N
10 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.08 kg / 0.19 lbs
84.0 g / 0.8 N
15 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.02 kg / 0.05 lbs
22.0 g / 0.2 N
20 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.01 kg / 0.01 lbs
6.0 g / 0.1 N
30 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
2.0 g / 0.0 N
50 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
0.0 g / 0.0 N
This section indicates the approximate holding capacity required to initiate the downward movement of the magnet vertically along a vertical steel plate (assuming standard friction). The holding force depends on the air gap between the magnet and the surface.

Table 3: Wall mounting (sliding) - behavior on slippery surfaces
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Surface type Friction coefficient / % Mocy Max load (kg/lbs/g/N)
Raw steel
µ = 0.3 30% Nominalnej Siły
2.32 kg / 5.11 lbs
2316.0 g / 22.7 N
Painted steel (standard)
µ = 0.2 20% Nominalnej Siły
1.54 kg / 3.40 lbs
1544.0 g / 15.1 N
Oily/slippery steel
µ = 0.1 10% Nominalnej Siły
0.77 kg / 1.70 lbs
772.0 g / 7.6 N
Magnet with anti-slip rubber
µ = 0.5 50% Nominalnej Siły
3.86 kg / 8.51 lbs
3860.0 g / 37.9 N
When hanging a magnet on a upright wall (e.g., a car body), it will only hold just about 1/5 of nominal attraction strength. Gravitational force as well as a weak degree of grip cause that products move down easier than they pop off the substrate. Want to create a hanger? Remember that the sliding force is much weaker than the maximum static pull force. On a slippery surface, the magnet will give way down under a much lighter cargo. Application of an anti-slip pad can effectively improve the result.

Table 4: Steel thickness (substrate influence) - power losses
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Steel thickness (mm) % power Real pull force (kg/lbs/g/N)
0.5 mm
10%
 0.77 kg / 1.70 lbs
772.0 g / 7.6 N
1 mm
25%
 1.93 kg / 4.25 lbs
1930.0 g / 18.9 N
2 mm
50%
 3.86 kg / 8.51 lbs
3860.0 g / 37.9 N
3 mm
75%
 5.79 kg / 12.76 lbs
5790.0 g / 56.8 N
5 mm
100%
 7.72 kg / 17.02 lbs
7720.0 g / 75.7 N
10 mm
100%
 7.72 kg / 17.02 lbs
7720.0 g / 75.7 N
11 mm
100%
 7.72 kg / 17.02 lbs
7720.0 g / 75.7 N
12 mm
100%
 7.72 kg / 17.02 lbs
7720.0 g / 75.7 N
A thin sheet cannot conduct the full magnetic flux, which squanders power of the magnet. Should you attach a powerful product to a thin surface, the flux will penetrate right through and the pull force will drop sharply. To squeeze full efficiency of this neodymium's power, you require a sufficiently solid element of steel. The saturation phenomenon means that on delicate walls (e.g., car bodies), the holder shows lower pull force. We suggest choosing the steel dimension according to the table below.

Table 5: Working in heat (stability) - power drop
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Ambient temp. (°C) Power loss Remaining pull (kg/lbs/g/N) Status
20 °C 0.0% 7.72 kg / 17.02 lbs
7720.0 g / 75.7 N
 OK
40 °C -2.2% 7.55 kg / 16.65 lbs
7550.2 g / 74.1 N
 OK
60 °C -4.4% 7.38 kg / 16.27 lbs
7380.3 g / 72.4 N
80 °C -6.6% 7.21 kg / 15.90 lbs
7210.5 g / 70.7 N
100 °C -28.8% 5.50 kg / 12.12 lbs
5496.6 g / 53.9 N
Classic neodymiums change their properties strength past the thermal threshold. Avoid high temperatures – high temperature can irreversibly destroy this magnet. With increasing heat, the magnet's force temporarily drops. Avoid using this magnet in hot environments exceeding its operating temperature limit. Too high temperature will result in destruction of magnetism.
*Engineering note: Heat tolerance depends not only on the material grade, as well as the dimension ratios. Low-profile magnets (low Pc) are more susceptible to demagnetization sooner compared to rod magnets. Warning indicator in the table indicates permanent field degradation for this particular item.

Table 6: Two magnets (repulsion) - field collision
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Gap (mm) Attraction (kg/lbs) (N-S) Sliding Force (kg/lbs/g/N) Repulsion (kg/lbs) (N-N)
0 mm 17.29 kg / 38.13 lbs
4 511 Gs
2.59 kg / 5.72 lbs
2594 g / 25.4 N
 N/A
1 mm 15.73 kg / 34.68 lbs
5 715 Gs
2.36 kg / 5.20 lbs
2360 g / 23.2 N
 14.16 kg / 31.22 lbs
~0 Gs
2 mm 14.10 kg / 31.08 lbs
5 410 Gs
2.11 kg / 4.66 lbs
2114 g / 20.7 N
 12.69 kg / 27.97 lbs
~0 Gs
3 mm 12.48 kg / 27.52 lbs
5 091 Gs
1.87 kg / 4.13 lbs
1872 g / 18.4 N
 11.23 kg / 24.77 lbs
~0 Gs
5 mm 9.52 kg / 20.99 lbs
4 446 Gs
1.43 kg / 3.15 lbs
1428 g / 14.0 N
 8.57 kg / 18.89 lbs
~0 Gs
10 mm 4.43 kg / 9.78 lbs
3 034 Gs
0.67 kg / 1.47 lbs
665 g / 6.5 N
 3.99 kg / 8.80 lbs
~0 Gs
20 mm 0.95 kg / 2.09 lbs
1 404 Gs
0.14 kg / 0.31 lbs
142 g / 1.4 N
 0.85 kg / 1.88 lbs
~0 Gs
50 mm 0.03 kg / 0.06 lbs
238 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.01 lbs
4 g / 0.0 N
 0.02 kg / 0.05 lbs
~0 Gs
60 mm 0.01 kg / 0.02 lbs
153 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
2 g / 0.0 N
 0.01 kg / 0.02 lbs
~0 Gs
70 mm 0.01 kg / 0.01 lbs
103 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
1 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
~0 Gs
80 mm 0.00 kg / 0.01 lbs
73 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
~0 Gs
90 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
53 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
~0 Gs
100 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
40 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 lbs
~0 Gs
Two magnetic products attract each other from a significantly greater distance than a neodymium and metal setup. The connection of two magnets creates a more powerful interaction and a further horizon of action. Want to build a solid fastener? Utilize two neodymiums instead of one magnet and a striker plate. Exercise caution that when connecting a pair of magnets, the collision energy is huge. The levitation is slightly lower than the connection force, but still impressive.
*Field value in repulsion mode drops to ~0 Gs at the midpoint between the magnets (due to field cancellation).
Important: Figures show shear force of two same neodymium magnets (friction ~0.15 for Ni-Ni layer).

Table 7: Hazards (implants) - warnings
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Object / Device Limit (Gauss) / mT Safe distance
Pacemaker 5 Gs (0.5 mT) 8.5 cm
Hearing aid 10 Gs (1.0 mT) 6.5 cm
Timepiece 20 Gs (2.0 mT) 5.0 cm
Phone / Smartphone 40 Gs (4.0 mT) 4.0 cm
Car key 50 Gs (5.0 mT) 4.0 cm
Payment card 400 Gs (40.0 mT) 1.5 cm
HDD hard drive 600 Gs (60.0 mT) 1.5 cm
Powerful magnet radiation poses a serious hazard to IT equipment and pacemakers. These magnets generate a flux that prevents correct functioning of sensitive medical devices. Remember: the unseen radiation penetrates the body and plastic. Increased vigilance must be exercised by people with cochlear implants and drug dispensers. Also at risk are: mechanical watches, remotes, membranes, and displays. Do not bring the product near payment cards, HDD media, or precise measuring instruments.

Table 8: Impact energy (cracking risk) - warning
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Start from (mm) Speed (km/h) Energy (J) Predicted outcome
10 mm 26.76 km/h
(7.43 m/s)
 0.32 J
30 mm 44.85 km/h
(12.46 m/s)
 0.91 J
50 mm 57.88 km/h
(16.08 m/s)
 1.51 J
100 mm 81.85 km/h
(22.74 m/s)
 3.03 J
Neodymium magnets are very brittle – a strong collision with metal causes immediate chipping. Control the attraction moment – a neodymium left loose turns into a projectile. Kinetic force can destroy the magnet or injury to fingers. Hold the magnet firmly during installation so it doesn't hit with great force against the steel surface. A collision at high speed almost guarantees destruction of the neodymium. Wear eye protection when handling with large magnets.

Table 9: Corrosion resistance
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Technical parameter Value / Description
Coating type [NiCuNi] Nickel
Layer structure Nickel - Copper - Nickel
Layer thickness 10-20 µm
Salt spray test (SST) ? 24 h
Recommended environment Indoors only (dry)
The SST (salt spray test) is an industry standard for determining coating lifespan in harsh conditions. Moisture resistance is crucial for installations in bathrooms or outdoors.

Table 10: Construction data (Pc)
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Parameter Value SI Unit / Description
Magnetic Flux 9 639 Mx 96.4 µWb
Pc Coefficient 0.35 Low (Flat)
Flux value passing through the magnet pole. Essential parameter when building generators as well as sensors. The Pc coefficient determines the working geometry.

Table 11: Submerged application
MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38

Environment Effective steel pull Effect
Air (land) 7.72 kg Standard
Water (riverbed) 8.84 kg
(+1.12 kg buoyancy gain)
+14.5%
Warning: Remember to wipe the magnet thoroughly after removing it from water and apply a protective layer (e.g., oil) to avoid corrosion.
In water, the magnet feels stronger thanks to Archimedes' principle. Note: for permanent underwater work, we recommend magnets with an anti-corrosive (epoxy) coating.
1. Vertical hold

*Caution: On a vertical surface, the magnet holds just approx. 20-30% of its perpendicular strength.

2. Efficiency vs thickness

*Thin steel (e.g. 0.5mm PC case) significantly limits the holding force.

3. Temperature resistance

*For N38 grade, the safety limit is 80°C.

4. Demagnetization curve and operating point (B-H)

chart generated for the permeance coefficient Pc (Permeance Coefficient) = 0.35

This simulation demonstrates the magnetic stability of the selected magnet under specific geometric conditions. The solid red line represents the demagnetization curve (material potential), while the dashed blue line is the load line based on the magnet's geometry. The Pc (Permeance Coefficient), also known as the load line slope, is a dimensionless value that describes the relationship between the magnet's shape and its magnetic stability. The intersection of these two lines (the black dot) is the operating point — it determines the actual magnetic flux density generated by the magnet in this specific configuration. A higher Pc value means the magnet is more 'slender' (tall relative to its area), resulting in a higher operating point and better resistance to irreversible demagnetization caused by external fields or temperature. A value of 0.42 is relatively low (typical for flat magnets), meaning the operating point is closer to the 'knee' of the curve — caution is advised when operating at temperatures near the maximum limit to avoid strength loss.

Engineering data and GPSR
Material specification
iron (Fe) 64% – 68%
neodymium (Nd) 29% – 32%
boron (B) 1.1% – 1.2%
dysprosium (Dy) 0.5% – 2.0%
coating (Ni-Cu-Ni) < 0.05%
Environmental data
recyclability (EoL) 100%
recycled raw materials ~10% (pre-cons)
carbon footprint low / zredukowany
waste code (EWC) 16 02 16
Safety card (GPSR)
responsible entity
Dhit sp. z o.o.
ul. Kościuszki 6A, 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki
tel: +48 22 499 98 98 | e-mail: bok@dhit.pl
batch number/type
id: 020136-2026
Quick Unit Converter
Pulling force
Magnetic Induction
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Model MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38 features a flat shape and professional pulling force, making it an ideal solution for building separators and machines. As a magnetic bar with high power (approx. 7.72 kg), this product is available off-the-shelf from our warehouse in Poland. Furthermore, its Ni-Cu-Ni coating secures it against corrosion in standard operating conditions, giving it an aesthetic appearance.
Separating block magnets requires a technique based on sliding (moving one relative to the other), rather than forceful pulling apart. To separate the MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38 model, firmly slide one magnet over the edge of the other until the attraction force decreases. We recommend extreme caution, because after separation, the magnets may want to violently snap back together, which threatens pinching the skin. Using a screwdriver risks destroying the coating and permanently cracking the magnet.
They constitute a key element in the production of wind generators and material handling systems. Thanks to the flat surface and high force (approx. 7.72 kg), they are ideal as closers in furniture making and mounting elements in automation. Customers often choose this model for workshop organization on strips and for advanced DIY and modeling projects, where precision and power count.
For mounting flat magnets MPL 25x12.5x5 / N38, it is best to use strong epoxy glues (e.g., UHU Endfest, Distal), which ensure a durable bond with metal or plastic. Double-sided tape cushions vibrations, which is an advantage when mounting in moving elements. Remember to clean and degrease the magnet surface before gluing, which significantly increases the adhesion of the glue to the nickel coating.
The magnetic axis runs through the shortest dimension, which is typical for gripper magnets. Thanks to this, it works best when "sticking" to sheet metal or another magnet with a large surface area. This is the most popular configuration for block magnets used in separators and holders.
This model is characterized by dimensions 25x12.5x5 mm, which, at a weight of 11.72 g, makes it an element with impressive energy density. The key parameter here is the holding force amounting to approximately 7.72 kg (force ~75.74 N), which, with such a compact shape, proves the high grade of the material. The protective [NiCuNi] coating secures the magnet against corrosion.

Advantages and disadvantages of rare earth magnets.

Strengths

In addition to their magnetic efficiency, neodymium magnets provide the following advantages:
  • They virtually do not lose strength, because even after ten years the performance loss is only ~1% (in laboratory conditions),
  • Neodymium magnets remain extremely resistant to loss of magnetic properties caused by external field sources,
  • By using a reflective coating of gold, the element gains an proper look,
  • Neodymium magnets deliver maximum magnetic induction on a contact point, which allows for strong attraction,
  • Made from properly selected components, these magnets show impressive resistance to high heat, enabling them to function (depending on their form) at temperatures up to 230°C and above...
  • Possibility of precise machining and adapting to individual needs,
  • Fundamental importance in modern industrial fields – they are commonly used in computer drives, electric motors, diagnostic systems, as well as industrial machines.
  • Relatively small size with high pulling force – neodymium magnets offer high power in small dimensions, which makes them useful in miniature devices

Cons

Drawbacks and weaknesses of neodymium magnets: tips and applications.
  • They are fragile upon too strong impacts. To avoid cracks, it is worth securing magnets using a steel holder. Such protection not only protects the magnet but also improves its resistance to damage
  • When exposed to high temperature, neodymium magnets experience a drop in force. Often, when the temperature exceeds 80°C, their strength decreases (depending on the size and shape of the magnet). For those who need magnets for extreme conditions, we offer [AH] versions withstanding up to 230°C
  • Due to the susceptibility of magnets to corrosion in a humid environment, we suggest using waterproof magnets made of rubber, plastic or other material immune to moisture, when using outdoors
  • Limited ability of making nuts in the magnet and complex forms - recommended is a housing - mounting mechanism.
  • Potential hazard related to microscopic parts of magnets can be dangerous, when accidentally swallowed, which is particularly important in the context of child safety. Furthermore, tiny parts of these devices are able to complicate diagnosis medical when they are in the body.
  • Due to neodymium price, their price is higher than average,

Pull force analysis

Magnetic strength at its maximum – what it depends on?

The specified lifting capacity refers to the limit force, obtained under laboratory conditions, meaning:
  • using a sheet made of mild steel, acting as a ideal flux conductor
  • possessing a massiveness of minimum 10 mm to avoid saturation
  • with an ground touching surface
  • under conditions of ideal adhesion (surface-to-surface)
  • during pulling in a direction vertical to the mounting surface
  • at ambient temperature room level

Determinants of lifting force in real conditions

Real force is affected by working environment parameters, mainly (from most important):
  • Air gap (betwixt the magnet and the metal), since even a microscopic distance (e.g. 0.5 mm) leads to a drastic drop in lifting capacity by up to 50% (this also applies to paint, rust or dirt).
  • Load vector – maximum parameter is reached only during perpendicular pulling. The shear force of the magnet along the surface is typically several times smaller (approx. 1/5 of the lifting capacity).
  • Substrate thickness – for full efficiency, the steel must be adequately massive. Thin sheet restricts the lifting capacity (the magnet "punches through" it).
  • Metal type – different alloys reacts the same. Alloy additives weaken the interaction with the magnet.
  • Smoothness – ideal contact is possible only on smooth steel. Any scratches and bumps reduce the real contact area, reducing force.
  • Thermal conditions – neodymium magnets have a negative temperature coefficient. At higher temperatures they are weaker, and at low temperatures they can be stronger (up to a certain limit).

Lifting capacity was determined by applying a polished steel plate of suitable thickness (min. 20 mm), under vertically applied force, whereas under shearing force the holding force is lower. Moreover, even a minimal clearance between the magnet and the plate reduces the load capacity.

Safe handling of NdFeB magnets
GPS and phone interference

GPS units and mobile phones are extremely susceptible to magnetism. Close proximity with a strong magnet can permanently damage the sensors in your phone.

Product not for children

Absolutely store magnets out of reach of children. Choking hazard is significant, and the consequences of magnets connecting inside the body are tragic.

Allergy Warning

Nickel alert: The Ni-Cu-Ni coating contains nickel. If an allergic reaction occurs, immediately stop handling magnets and wear gloves.

Permanent damage

Control the heat. Exposing the magnet to high heat will permanently weaken its properties and pulling force.

Medical interference

Individuals with a pacemaker must keep an large gap from magnets. The magnetism can interfere with the operation of the implant.

Protect data

Do not bring magnets close to a wallet, laptop, or screen. The magnetic field can irreversibly ruin these devices and erase data from cards.

Handling rules

Handle magnets with awareness. Their immense force can surprise even experienced users. Be vigilant and respect their power.

Bone fractures

Mind your fingers. Two powerful magnets will snap together immediately with a force of several hundred kilograms, destroying anything in their path. Be careful!

Mechanical processing

Combustion risk: Rare earth powder is explosive. Do not process magnets in home conditions as this may cause fire.

Material brittleness

Despite the nickel coating, neodymium is brittle and not impact-resistant. Avoid impacts, as the magnet may crumble into sharp, dangerous pieces.

Warning! Details about risks in the article: Magnet Safety Guide.