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MW 6x3 / N38 - cylindrical magnet

cylindrical magnet

Catalog no 010093

GTIN/EAN: 5906301810926

5.00
Load capacity 1.15 kg / 11.23 N Magnetic Induction 437.58 mT / 4376 Gs
Diameter Ø
6 mm [±0,1 mm]
Height
3 mm [±0,1 mm]
Weight
0.64 g
Magnetization Direction
↑ axial
Coating
[NiCuNi] Nickel
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0.381 zł with VAT / pcs + price for transport

0.310 zł net + 23% VAT / pcs

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Carbon Footprint – environmental impact GPSR Regulation – product safety

Engineering report for this magnet

Full PDF analysis: pull and shear force, effect of distance, temperature and plate thickness, safety distances and the demagnetization curve.

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Technical specification of the product - MW 6x3 / N38 - cylindrical magnet

Specification / characteristics - MW 6x3 / N38 - cylindrical magnet

properties
properties values
Cat. no. 010093
GTIN/EAN 5906301810926
Production/Distribution Dhit sp. z o.o.
ul. Zielona 14 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki PL
Country of origin Poland / China / Germany
Customs code 85059029
Diameter Ø 6 mm [±0,1 mm]
Height 3 mm [±0,1 mm]
Weight 0.64 g
Magnetization Direction ↑ axial
Load capacity ~ ? 1.15 kg / 11.23 N
Magnetic Induction ~ ? 437.58 mT / 4376 Gs
Coating [NiCuNi] Nickel
Manufacturing Tolerance ±0.1 mm

Magnetic properties of material N38

Specification / characteristics MW 6x3 / N38 - cylindrical magnet
properties values units
remenance Br [min. - max.] ? 12.2-12.6 kGs
remenance Br [min. - max.] ? 1220-1260 mT
coercivity bHc ? 10.8-11.5 kOe
coercivity bHc ? 860-915 kA/m
actual internal force iHc ≥ 12 kOe
actual internal force iHc ≥ 955 kA/m
energy density [min. - max.] ? 36-38 BH max MGOe
energy density [min. - max.] ? 287-303 BH max KJ/m
max. temperature ? ≤ 80 °C

Physical properties of sintered neodymium magnets Nd2Fe14B at 20°C

Physical properties of sintered neodymium magnets Nd2Fe14B at 20°C
properties values units
Vickers hardness ≥550 Hv
Density ≥7.4 g/cm3
Curie Temperature TC 312 - 380 °C
Curie Temperature TF 593 - 716 °F
Specific resistance 150 μΩ⋅cm
Bending strength 250 MPa
Compressive strength 1000~1100 MPa
Thermal expansion parallel (∥) to orientation (M) (3-4) x 10-6 °C-1
Thermal expansion perpendicular (⊥) to orientation (M) -(1-3) x 10-6 °C-1
Young's modulus 1.7 x 104 kg/mm²

Physical analysis of the product - technical parameters

The following values represent the direct effect of a physical simulation. Results were calculated on algorithms for the material Nd2Fe14B. Actual performance may deviate from the simulation results. Treat these calculations as a supplementary guide when designing systems.

Table 1: Static force (pull vs distance) - interaction chart
MW 6x3 / N38

Distance (mm) Induction (Gauss) / mT Pull Force (kg/lbs/g/N) Risk Status
0 mm 4371 Gs
437.1 mT
 1.15 kg / 2.54 LBS
1150.0 g / 11.3 N
 safe
1 mm 2999 Gs
299.9 mT
 0.54 kg / 1.19 LBS
541.6 g / 5.3 N
 safe
2 mm 1877 Gs
187.7 mT
 0.21 kg / 0.47 LBS
212.2 g / 2.1 N
 safe
3 mm 1161 Gs
116.1 mT
 0.08 kg / 0.18 LBS
81.2 g / 0.8 N
 safe
5 mm 489 Gs
48.9 mT
 0.01 kg / 0.03 LBS
14.4 g / 0.1 N
 safe
10 mm 103 Gs
10.3 mT
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.6 g / 0.0 N
 safe
15 mm 36 Gs
3.6 mT
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.1 g / 0.0 N
 safe
20 mm 17 Gs
1.7 mT
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.0 g / 0.0 N
 safe
30 mm 5 Gs
0.5 mT
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.0 g / 0.0 N
 safe
50 mm 1 Gs
0.1 mT
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.0 g / 0.0 N
 safe
Grip strength drops sharply per each millimeter of spacing. Note that every additional insulation layer (e.g., dirt, varnish, dust) significantly weakens the grip. Magnetic products work strongest at the point of direct contact; gap kills the force. Observe how rapidly the pull force fall, when the product does not touch tightly to the steel surface. When planning the mounting, discard unnecessary gaps.

Table 2: Slippage force (wall)
MW 6x3 / N38

Distance (mm) Friction coefficient Pull Force (kg/lbs/g/N)
0 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.23 kg / 0.51 LBS
230.0 g / 2.3 N
1 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.11 kg / 0.24 LBS
108.0 g / 1.1 N
2 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.04 kg / 0.09 LBS
42.0 g / 0.4 N
3 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.02 kg / 0.04 LBS
16.0 g / 0.2 N
5 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
2.0 g / 0.0 N
10 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.0 g / 0.0 N
15 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.0 g / 0.0 N
20 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.0 g / 0.0 N
30 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.0 g / 0.0 N
50 mm Stal (~0.2) 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0.0 g / 0.0 N
This section shows the theoretical holding capacity necessary to initiate the sliding of the magnet vertically against a vertical steel plate (considering standard friction coefficient). The holding force is a function of the gap size between the magnet and the metal.

Table 3: Vertical assembly (shearing) - vertical pull
MW 6x3 / N38

Surface type Friction coefficient / % Mocy Max load (kg/lbs/g/N)
Raw steel
µ = 0.3 30% Nominalnej Siły
0.35 kg / 0.76 LBS
345.0 g / 3.4 N
Painted steel (standard)
µ = 0.2 20% Nominalnej Siły
0.23 kg / 0.51 LBS
230.0 g / 2.3 N
Oily/slippery steel
µ = 0.1 10% Nominalnej Siły
0.11 kg / 0.25 LBS
115.0 g / 1.1 N
Magnet with anti-slip rubber
µ = 0.5 50% Nominalnej Siły
0.58 kg / 1.27 LBS
575.0 g / 5.6 N
When mounting a element on a upright wall (e.g., a board), it you can count on barely approx. 20%-30% of nominal attraction strength. Gravitational force as well as a low friction coefficient mean that products move down easier than they detach. Designing a vertical fastening? Remember that the shear force is noticeably lower than the perpendicular breakaway force. On a slippery surface, the holder will slide down under a much lighter weight. Utilizing a rubberized layer can effectively improve the result.

Table 4: Steel thickness (substrate influence) - power losses
MW 6x3 / N38

Steel thickness (mm) % power Real pull force (kg/lbs/g/N)
0.5 mm
10%
 0.11 kg / 0.25 LBS
115.0 g / 1.1 N
1 mm
25%
 0.29 kg / 0.63 LBS
287.5 g / 2.8 N
2 mm
50%
 0.58 kg / 1.27 LBS
575.0 g / 5.6 N
3 mm
75%
 0.86 kg / 1.90 LBS
862.5 g / 8.5 N
5 mm
100%
 1.15 kg / 2.54 LBS
1150.0 g / 11.3 N
10 mm
100%
 1.15 kg / 2.54 LBS
1150.0 g / 11.3 N
11 mm
100%
 1.15 kg / 2.54 LBS
1150.0 g / 11.3 N
12 mm
100%
 1.15 kg / 2.54 LBS
1150.0 g / 11.3 N
A thin metal plate cannot absorb the full magnetic flux, which squanders power of the magnet. Should you mount a strong magnet to a too thin substrate, the magnetism will pass right through and the pull force will drop sharply. To squeeze 100% of this magnet's power, you require a sufficiently solid piece of metal. The material oversaturation causes that on sheet metal structures (e.g., car bodies), the product holds weaker. We suggest choosing the steel dimension based on the following data.

Table 5: Thermal resistance (material behavior) - resistance threshold
MW 6x3 / N38

Ambient temp. (°C) Power loss Remaining pull (kg/lbs/g/N) Status
20 °C 0.0% 1.15 kg / 2.54 LBS
1150.0 g / 11.3 N
 OK
40 °C -2.2% 1.12 kg / 2.48 LBS
1124.7 g / 11.0 N
 OK
60 °C -4.4% 1.10 kg / 2.42 LBS
1099.4 g / 10.8 N
80 °C -6.6% 1.07 kg / 2.37 LBS
1074.1 g / 10.5 N
100 °C -28.8% 0.82 kg / 1.81 LBS
818.8 g / 8.0 N
Ordinary NdFeB products lose strength after exceeding the maximum temperature. Avoid high temperatures – heat can permanently demagnetize this product. As the temperature rises, the magnet's capacity momentarily drops. Refrain from using this magnet close to ovens higher than its safe range. Exceeding the critical threshold will result in irreversible degradation of magnetism.
*Technical advisory: Temperature resistance is determined by both grade, but also on the magnet's shape. Thin magnets (low Pc) may lose charge permanently at lower temperatures than long magnets. The danger warning in the table indicates permanent field degradation for this particular item.

Table 6: Magnet-Magnet interaction (attraction) - field range
MW 6x3 / N38

Gap (mm) Attraction (kg/lbs) (N-S) Shear Force (kg/lbs/g/N) Repulsion (kg/lbs) (N-N)
0 mm 3.33 kg / 7.34 LBS
5 527 Gs
0.50 kg / 1.10 LBS
499 g / 4.9 N
 N/A
1 mm 2.37 kg / 5.23 LBS
7 376 Gs
0.36 kg / 0.78 LBS
356 g / 3.5 N
 2.13 kg / 4.70 LBS
~0 Gs
2 mm 1.57 kg / 3.46 LBS
5 999 Gs
0.24 kg / 0.52 LBS
235 g / 2.3 N
 1.41 kg / 3.11 LBS
~0 Gs
3 mm 0.99 kg / 2.19 LBS
4 772 Gs
0.15 kg / 0.33 LBS
149 g / 1.5 N
 0.89 kg / 1.97 LBS
~0 Gs
5 mm 0.38 kg / 0.83 LBS
2 948 Gs
0.06 kg / 0.13 LBS
57 g / 0.6 N
 0.34 kg / 0.75 LBS
~0 Gs
10 mm 0.04 kg / 0.09 LBS
978 Gs
0.01 kg / 0.01 LBS
6 g / 0.1 N
 0.04 kg / 0.08 LBS
~0 Gs
20 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
205 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
50 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
18 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
60 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
11 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
70 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
7 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
80 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
5 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
90 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
3 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
100 mm 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
2 Gs
0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
0 g / 0.0 N
 0.00 kg / 0.00 LBS
~0 Gs
Two magnetic products attract each other from a wider radius than a magnet and sheet combination. Such a system of magnet-to-magnet produces a massive flux and a larger range of operation. Designing a strong closure? Use a pair of magnets instead of a neodymium and a striker plate. Remember that when attracting two neodymiums, the pinch force is huge. The levitation is marginally weaker than the attraction, but still impressive.
*Flux density between like poles drops to ~0 Gs in the exact middle between the magnets (resulting from vector opposition).
Note: Results refer to sliding force of two identical magnets (friction coefficient ~0.15 for Ni-Ni layer).

Table 7: Protective zones (implants) - precautionary measures
MW 6x3 / N38

Object / Device Limit (Gauss) / mT Safe distance
Pacemaker 5 Gs (0.5 mT) 3.5 cm
Hearing aid 10 Gs (1.0 mT) 2.5 cm
Mechanical watch 20 Gs (2.0 mT) 2.0 cm
Phone / Smartphone 40 Gs (4.0 mT) 1.5 cm
Remote 50 Gs (5.0 mT) 1.5 cm
Payment card 400 Gs (40.0 mT) 1.0 cm
HDD hard drive 600 Gs (60.0 mT) 0.5 cm
Extremely neodym field is a serious hazard to electronic devices and pacemakers. These neodymiums produce a flux that disrupts operation of digital equipment. Notice: the invisible magnetic field acts through matter and housings. Exceptional care must be taken by people with hearing aids and insulin pumps. Also at risk are: mechanical watches, remotes, membranes, and screens. Do not place the magnet near cards, HDD media, or precise measuring instruments.

Table 8: Dynamics (cracking risk) - warning
MW 6x3 / N38

Start from (mm) Speed (km/h) Energy (J) Predicted outcome
10 mm 23.71 km/h
(6.59 m/s)
 0.01 J
30 mm 23.72 km/h
(6.59 m/s)
 0.01 J
50 mm 23.72 km/h
(6.59 m/s)
 0.01 J
100 mm 23.72 km/h
(6.59 m/s)
 0.01 J
Neodymium magnets are very brittle – a violent impact against metal causes immediate chipping. Watch the impact speed – a neodymium left loose speeds with massive force. Kinetic force can destroy the magnet or painful pinches to fingers. Hold the magnet firmly during bringing near metal so it doesn't slam with momentum against the steel surface. A collision at high speed almost guarantees destruction of the neodymium. Wear eye protection when playing with large magnets.

Table 9: Anti-corrosion coating durability
MW 6x3 / N38

Technical parameter Value / Description
Coating type [NiCuNi] Nickel
Layer structure Nickel - Copper - Nickel
Layer thickness 10-20 µm
Salt spray test (SST) ? 24 h
Recommended environment Indoors only (dry)
For outdoor applications, an epoxy coating is required; standard nickel is intended for indoor use. Improper coating selection is the most common cause of magnet failure over time.

Table 10: Electrical data (Pc)
MW 6x3 / N38

Parameter Value SI Unit / Description
Magnetic Flux 1 256 Mx 12.6 µWb
Pc Coefficient 0.59 Low (Flat)
Flux value emitted by the pole surface. Key data for generator designers and motors. Pc value determines the working geometry.

Table 11: Submerged application
MW 6x3 / N38

Environment Effective steel pull Effect
Air (land) 1.15 kg Standard
Water (riverbed) 1.32 kg
(+0.17 kg buoyancy gain)
+14.5%
Rust risk: Remember to wipe the magnet thoroughly after removing it from water and apply a protective layer (e.g., oil) to avoid corrosion.
Contrary to myths, water does not block the magnetic field. Buoyancy helps in lifting finds.

1. Wall mount (shear)

*Warning: On a vertical wall, the magnet holds merely ~20% of its perpendicular strength.

2. Efficiency vs thickness

*Thin steel (e.g. computer case) drastically limits the holding force.

3. Thermal stability

*For N38 material, the safety limit is 80°C.

4. Demagnetization curve and operating point (B-H)

chart generated for the permeance coefficient Pc (Permeance Coefficient) = 0.59

The chart above illustrates the magnetic characteristics of the material within the second quadrant of the hysteresis loop. The solid red line represents the demagnetization curve (material potential), while the dashed blue line is the load line based on the magnet's geometry. The Pc (Permeance Coefficient), also known as the load line slope, is a dimensionless value that describes the relationship between the magnet's shape and its magnetic stability. The intersection of these two lines (the black dot) is the operating point — it determines the actual magnetic flux density generated by the magnet in this specific configuration. A higher Pc value means the magnet is more 'slender' (tall relative to its area), resulting in a higher operating point and better resistance to irreversible demagnetization caused by external fields or temperature. A value of 0.42 is relatively low (typical for flat magnets), meaning the operating point is closer to the 'knee' of the curve — caution is advised when operating at temperatures near the maximum limit to avoid strength loss.

Engineering data and GPSR

Material specification

iron (Fe) 64% – 68%
neodymium (Nd) 29% – 32%
boron (B) 1.1% – 1.2%
dysprosium (Dy) 0.5% – 2.0%
coating (Ni-Cu-Ni) < 0.05%

Ecology and recycling (GPSR)

recyclability (EoL) 100%
recycled raw materials ~10% (pre-cons)
carbon footprint low / zredukowany
waste code (EWC) 16 02 16
Safety card (GPSR)
responsible entity
Dhit sp. z o.o.
ul. Kościuszki 6A, 05-850 Ożarów Mazowiecki
tel: +48 22 499 98 98 | e-mail: bok@dhit.pl
batch number/type
id: 010093-2026
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This product is an extremely powerful cylinder magnet, composed of modern NdFeB material, which, with dimensions of Ø6x3 mm, guarantees the highest energy density. The MW 6x3 / N38 component features high dimensional repeatability and industrial build quality, making it an ideal solution for professional engineers and designers. As a cylindrical magnet with significant force (approx. 1.15 kg), this product is available off-the-shelf from our warehouse in Poland, ensuring quick order fulfillment. Furthermore, its triple-layer Ni-Cu-Ni coating secures it against corrosion in typical operating conditions, guaranteeing an aesthetic appearance and durability for years.
This model is ideal for building generators, advanced Hall effect sensors, and efficient filters, where maximum induction on a small surface counts. Thanks to the pull force of 11.23 N with a weight of only 0.64 g, this rod is indispensable in miniature devices and wherever low weight is crucial.
Since our magnets have a very precise dimensions, the recommended way is to glue them into holes with a slightly larger diameter (e.g., 6.1 mm) using two-component epoxy glues. To ensure stability in industry, specialized industrial adhesives are used, which are safe for nickel and fill the gap, guaranteeing high repeatability of the connection.
Grade N38 is the most frequently chosen standard for professional neodymium magnets, offering an optimal price-to-power ratio and operational stability. If you need the strongest magnets in the same volume (Ø6x3), contact us regarding higher grades (e.g., N50, N52), however, N38 is the standard in continuous sale in our warehouse.
This model is characterized by dimensions Ø6x3 mm, which, at a weight of 0.64 g, makes it an element with impressive magnetic energy density. The key parameter here is the holding force amounting to approximately 1.15 kg (force ~11.23 N), which, with such defined dimensions, proves the high power of the NdFeB material. The product has a [NiCuNi] coating, which protects the surface against oxidation, giving it an aesthetic, silvery shine.
This rod magnet is magnetized axially (along the height of 3 mm), which means that the N and S poles are located on the flat, circular surfaces. Such an arrangement is standard when connecting magnets in stacks (e.g., in filters) or when mounting in sockets at the bottom of a hole. On request, we can also produce versions magnetized through the diameter if your project requires it.

Pros and cons of rare earth magnets.

Pros

In addition to their pulling strength, neodymium magnets provide the following advantages:
  • They retain attractive force for nearly ten years – the drop is just ~1% (based on simulations),
  • Neodymium magnets prove to be highly resistant to magnetic field loss caused by magnetic disturbances,
  • Thanks to the shimmering finish, the surface of Ni-Cu-Ni, gold, or silver-plated gives an visually attractive appearance,
  • Magnetic induction on the surface of the magnet remains strong,
  • Through (appropriate) combination of ingredients, they can achieve high thermal resistance, allowing for functioning at temperatures approaching 230°C and above...
  • Thanks to the option of accurate molding and customization to specialized needs, NdFeB magnets can be produced in a variety of forms and dimensions, which expands the range of possible applications,
  • Fundamental importance in electronics industry – they serve a role in computer drives, electric drive systems, medical devices, as well as technologically advanced constructions.
  • Thanks to concentrated force, small magnets offer high operating force, with minimal size,

Cons

Drawbacks and weaknesses of neodymium magnets: tips and applications.
  • To avoid cracks under impact, we suggest using special steel holders. Such a solution protects the magnet and simultaneously improves its durability.
  • When exposed to high temperature, neodymium magnets suffer a drop in strength. Often, when the temperature exceeds 80°C, their power decreases (depending on the size and shape of the magnet). For those who need magnets for extreme conditions, we offer [AH] versions withstanding up to 230°C
  • Magnets exposed to a humid environment can rust. Therefore while using outdoors, we suggest using waterproof magnets made of rubber, plastic or other material resistant to moisture
  • Limited possibility of making threads in the magnet and complicated shapes - recommended is a housing - mounting mechanism.
  • Health risk related to microscopic parts of magnets pose a threat, when accidentally swallowed, which gains importance in the context of child health protection. It is also worth noting that small elements of these devices are able to complicate diagnosis medical in case of swallowing.
  • Higher cost of purchase is one of the disadvantages compared to ceramic magnets, especially in budget applications

Lifting parameters

Best holding force of the magnet in ideal parameters – what affects it?

Breakaway force was defined for ideal contact conditions, assuming:
  • using a plate made of mild steel, acting as a ideal flux conductor
  • with a cross-section no less than 10 mm
  • with an ground contact surface
  • under conditions of no distance (metal-to-metal)
  • under axial force direction (90-degree angle)
  • at temperature approx. 20 degrees Celsius

Key elements affecting lifting force

In real-world applications, the real power depends on many variables, listed from the most important:
  • Gap between surfaces – even a fraction of a millimeter of separation (caused e.g. by veneer or dirt) significantly weakens the pulling force, often by half at just 0.5 mm.
  • Loading method – declared lifting capacity refers to detachment vertically. When attempting to slide, the magnet holds much less (typically approx. 20-30% of nominal force).
  • Element thickness – to utilize 100% power, the steel must be sufficiently thick. Thin sheet limits the lifting capacity (the magnet "punches through" it).
  • Material type – ideal substrate is pure iron steel. Cast iron may generate lower lifting capacity.
  • Surface quality – the more even the plate, the better the adhesion and stronger the hold. Unevenness acts like micro-gaps.
  • Thermal environment – temperature increase results in weakening of induction. It is worth remembering the thermal limit for a given model.

Lifting capacity testing was carried out on a smooth plate of suitable thickness, under perpendicular forces, in contrast under parallel forces the load capacity is reduced by as much as 75%. Additionally, even a minimal clearance between the magnet’s surface and the plate reduces the load capacity.

Safety rules for work with neodymium magnets
Serious injuries

Big blocks can crush fingers instantly. Never put your hand betwixt two strong magnets.

Danger to the youngest

NdFeB magnets are not intended for children. Swallowing multiple magnets may result in them connecting inside the digestive tract, which poses a critical condition and requires urgent medical intervention.

Magnet fragility

Neodymium magnets are ceramic materials, meaning they are fragile like glass. Clashing of two magnets leads to them shattering into shards.

Threat to navigation

GPS units and mobile phones are extremely sensitive to magnetic fields. Close proximity with a strong magnet can decalibrate the sensors in your phone.

Heat warning

Standard neodymium magnets (N-type) undergo demagnetization when the temperature goes above 80°C. This process is irreversible.

Cards and drives

Intense magnetic fields can erase data on payment cards, hard drives, and other magnetic media. Maintain a gap of min. 10 cm.

Implant safety

Individuals with a pacemaker have to maintain an large gap from magnets. The magnetic field can disrupt the functioning of the implant.

Nickel coating and allergies

Some people suffer from a sensitization to nickel, which is the common plating for neodymium magnets. Extended handling may cause dermatitis. It is best to wear protective gloves.

Handling guide

Before starting, check safety instructions. Sudden snapping can break the magnet or hurt your hand. Be predictive.

Fire warning

Powder produced during grinding of magnets is combustible. Do not drill into magnets unless you are an expert.

Danger! Looking for details? Read our article: Why are neodymium magnets dangerous?